The working principle of the main components of the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine

The operating principle of the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine is the same as that of the high-pressure cleaning machine, with the main difference being that the operating pressure value of the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine is relatively high. It is mainly used in high-end cleaning operations to clean stubborn and seriously polluting dirt, such as metal surface coating peeling, pipe blockage dredging, hard scale cleaning, and paint and rust removal on the outer walls of large ocean going ships and large oil tank surfaces.

The ultra-high pressure cleaning machine is composed of components such as a high-pressure pump, safety valve, pressure regulating valve, crankcase, seal, high-pressure water pipe, high-pressure water gun, and high-pressure nozzle. In the normal operation of the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine, the core components play an indispensable role. Below is a brief analysis of the working principle, common faults, and corresponding measures of the main components of the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine.

1. High pressure pump

The high-pressure pump is an irreplaceable key component of the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine. It is used to increase water pressure and deliver high-pressure water to high-pressure water guns or nozzles. This type of pump can be mobile or stationary, usually using a positive displacement piston pump type to ensure a constant flow rate at a given pump speed.

In the operation of ultra-high pressure cleaning machines, usually 90% of failures are not caused by the high-pressure pump itself. Common failures are caused by wear and tear of components or parts (such as nozzles). The main reason for early pump failures is that the inlet pipe is not suitable to allow enough water to enter the pump, resulting in cavitation. Cavitation can cause a small amount of gas to mix into the water, leading to overpressure damage and piston surface wear. Only by selecting a suitable high-pressure water pipe based on the relevant parameters of the high-pressure pump can this situation be avoided.

2. Sealing components

Most pumps are designed to include a water circulation system, with lubrication seals used to prevent leakage caused by wear. When the wear limit is exceeded or the pressure drops, the relevant seals should be replaced. New pumps sometimes have greater frictional resistance until the fit between the seals and the piston is more suitable.

3. Crankcase

Crankcase failures are usually caused by aging, deterioration, or leakage of oil seals due to temperature. Therefore, the crankcase should replace the lubricating oil in a timely manner. The lubricant should be replaced after 50 hours of initial use, and then every 500 hours or every year until emulsification occurs.

4. Filter

Dust, debris, and sand can easily damage valves and pistons, and a good inlet filter is an inexpensive way to protect equipment.

When used for a long time, filter clogging may occur. The solution is to use a 60-100 mesh filter cloth, which is compatible with the water flow rate and requires regular inspection.

5. Pressure regulating valve

The pressure regulating valve of the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine plays a role in regulating the output water pressure. The pressure regulating valve on the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine is actually a pressure relief valve. Currently, the commonly used high pressure cleaning machine is a plunger pump, which has a fixed water output. When the water output decreases or even closes, high pressure may be generated, which may cause damage to the pump body. The function of the pressure relief valve is to open when the outlet pressure exceeds the set pressure, and the water returns to the inlet of the pump through the pressure relief valve.

The common faults of pressure regulating valves are damage to the top pin of the valve and breakage/aging of the pressure bearing spring inside the valve

① Damaged top pin of pressure regulating valve: mainly manifested as insufficient outlet pressure and severe shaking of outlet pipe;

② The internal pressure bearing spring of the pressure regulating valve is broken/aged: its main manifestation is insufficient water pressure, and the pressure regulating valve makes a "click" noise. The main solution is to replace the two damaged parts in the pressure regulating valve.

6. Safety valve

The function of a safety valve is to open when the internal pressure of the high-pressure pump exceeds the original value, thereby playing a positive role in pressure relief.

The common malfunction of safety valves is water leakage, which is mainly caused by:

① The pressure exceeds the maximum pressure range of the equipment and the nozzle is blocked. It is necessary to check the pressure gauge and clear the nozzle;

② The pressure bearing spring inside the safety valve is broken/aged and needs to be replaced;

③ The safety valve needle is damaged and needs to be replaced;

With the continuous in-depth research on ultra-high pressure cleaning technology, ultra-high pressure cleaning machines have gradually been widely applied. Due to their high cleaning efficiency, good cleaning effect, green environmental protection, unrestricted use scenarios, and ease of development of automated machinery, they have received widespread attention. When using ultra-high pressure cleaning machines for operation, enterprises want to reduce various reasons that cause the ultra-high pressure cleaning machine to fail to operate normally. In addition to understanding first-hand information about component failures, choosing reliable ultra-high pressure cleaning machine accessories is the best way to improve the operating performance of ultra-high pressure cleaning machines.